Edenfield L, et al. - The outcomes of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) were examined based on patch type, including bovine pericardium, autogenous vein, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and Dacron via retrospectively analyzing all primary CEAs performed with primary repair and patching (n = 70,987) within the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI). The patch material with the highest frequency of use was bovine pericardium (n = 51,480), followed by Dacron (n = 12,356), vein (n = 1460), and PTFE (n = 1,638). As per outcomes, relative to other patch materials, bovine pericardium was correlated with superior outcomes both postoperatively and at 1 year. The comparison of outcomes that have small but meaningful differences, become feasible when using the large volume of patient data contained in the VQI.