Gadkaree SK, et al. - Experts tested the premise that distinct clinical outcomes are seen with the etiologies of bilateral vocal fold mobility impairment (BLVFI), bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP), and posterior glottis stenosis (PGS). They also assessed how tracheostomy-free survival is influenced by patient-specific and procedural factors. They reviewed the charts of 68 patients with PGS and 17 patients with BVFP. Findings suggested BLVFI to be mostly an iatrogenic complication. In BLVFI, they noted high rates of tracheostomy dependence, with procedural intervention needed for decannulation. Compared with the BVFP cohort, patients with PGS required higher procedural burden to achieve decannulation. Researchers suggested counseling the patients with PGS that the risk of tracheostomy dependence may be increased by smoking.