Al–Rajhi A, et al. – This retrospective cohort study was performed to describe the use and examine the predictors of non–invasive ventilation failure in patients with community–acquired pneumonia who receive non–invasive ventilation as first line ventilatory therapy in the emergency department. To support patients presenting to the emergency department with respiratory failure and community acquired pneumonia, the use of non–invasive ventilation was common and was correlated with a significant failure rate. A strong predictor of failure was hemodynamic support. The selection of the appropriate patient and monitoring of physiological parameters while on NIV was crucial to ensure successful treatment.