Qian DC, Magliocca KR, Aiken AH, et al. - Since no consensus has been reached on whether the optimal time to start surveillance positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan is before or after adjuvant therapy for locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) managed by surgery and adjuvant therapy, researchers describe the benefit of PET/CT scans collected 3 months post-adjuvant therapy. Participants were 220 patients having stage III, IVA, or IVB OSCC who had resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. For participants, PET/CT scans were collected. PET/CT scans were classified as suspicious (primary or neck category ≥ 3, or distant lesion present) vs nonsuspicious, employing the Neck Imaging Reporting and Data System. The overall positive predictive value (PPV) was 85%, locoregional PPV was 79%, negative predictive value was 73%, sensitivity was 58%, and specificity was 92%. Disease recurrence and survival for locally advanced OSCC were strongly predicted by PET/CT scan 3 months after adjuvant therapy, showing improved performance over postoperative imaging in earlier studies. According to the findings, the cure of locoregional recurrence after a suspicious post-adjuvant therapy PET/CT scan is possible but unlikely.