Zhang W, et al. - In this observational, prospectively collected, retrospective analysis of 9351 young Chinese male subjects in Shanghai from 2007 to 2014, researchers examined the consequences and practice patterns with hemodiafiltration (HDF) to remove uremic toxins. They observed an increase in HDF utilization from 7% of cases in 2007 to 42% of patients in 2014. The candidates were given HDF once a week. They noticed the adjusted hazard ratio of death for HDF vs HD, 0.85, and corresponding sub-hazard ratio 0.86. They found a strong impact modification by age. As they noticed those aged 40–60 years had the hazard ratio of 0.65, and a sub-hazard ratio of 0.65 implying clinical benefit from HDF in toxin removal.