Wakasaki T, et al. - In patients with recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC), researchers clarified the efficacy of chemotherapy after nivolumab treatment. Study participants included ten patients with R/M HNSCC who were mainly treated with paclitaxel plus cetuximab (7/10, 70%) or S-1 (3/10, 30%) following nivolumab treatment. Using the Kaplan–Meier method, progression-free survival (PFS) was analyzed. Data reported that the response rate (RR), clinical benefit rate, and median PFS were 60%, 90%, and 5.4 months, respectively. According to this retrospective study, a higher RR and clinical benefit rate were noted for the strategy than for any first-line regimen, implying that the strategy might improve the PFS. In patients with R/M HNSCC, palliative chemotherapy with/without cetuximab after nivolumab treatment might be useful. Although the outcomes of this investigation are limited, due to its strong clinical benefits and acceptable toxicity, this strategy may be a good treatment option for patients with R/M HNSCC.