Gaborit BJ, Tessoulin B, Lavergne RA, et al. - Among patients with Pneumocystis jiroveciipneumonia (PJP) admitted at the Nantes university hospital, France, from January 2012 to January 2017, researchers evaluated early risk factors for severe PJP and 90-day death, including the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid cytology profiles at diagnosis. The presence of typical clinical characteristics with microbiological verification of P. jirovecii cysts by direct test or a positive specific quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay, constituted diagnostic criteria for PJP. They found an independent link between factors such as older age and P. jiroveciioocysts at microscopic examination of broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL), with severe PJP. They also noted that 90-day mortality was predicted by both initial PJP severity as assessed by the sequential organ failure assessment score and viral co-infection. Findings revealed a link between alveolitis at BAL examination and less severe PJP.