Waltonen JD, Thomas SG, Russell GB, et al. - Via this retrospective cohort study, researchers assessed the oncologic results as well as risk factors for recurrence in patients who received surgery for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), and in whom adjuvant therapy was not advised or was refused. This analysis involved 74 eligible patients, and adjuvant therapy was recommended but declined in 16 of these. Overall 8 recurrences occurred, of which 6 had been given recommendations for adjuvant therapy. Low risk for recurrence was observed in patients who received surgery for human papillomavirus-positive OPSCC with negative margins, no PNI, no lymphovascular invasion, and ≤1 positive lymph node without extra-nodal extension. Possibly, these cases can be safely managed with surgery alone. Recurrence risk was present in patients with these risk factors who declined adjuvant therapy and thus such cases should be monitored.