Shah Z, et al. – This long–term follow–up study was performed to evaluate the effect of optimal medical management including atherosclerotic risk factor control on ischemic stroke (IS), transient ischemic attack (TIA), carotid revascularization (CRV), and progression of severity of carotid stenosis (PSCS) in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS). In the patients with ACAS, intensive medical therapy resulted in lower incidence of IS/TIA, CRV, and PSCS with a significant incremental beneficial effect.