Kidwai SM, et al. - Authors laid a hypothesis that high-resolution microendoscopy (HRME), using proflavine, a contrast agent that preferentially stained cell nuclei and allowed detection of cellular morphologic changes, could distinguish sinonasal pathology from uninvolved mucosa, potentially enabling real-time surgical margin differentiation. Results suggested that in order to discriminate sinonasal pathology from normal sinus epithelia, HRME was feasible. It was noted that in the absence of inflammation, the system performed well, therefore, discrimination of inflamed tissue was inconsistent, creating a significant limitation for this application. Real-time surgical margin differentiation could be assisted by novel imaging systems such as HRME with alternative contrast agents, enabling complete surgical resection of inverted papilloma and reducing recurrence rates.