Dakhoul L, et al. - In a case-control study design, researchers characterized the proportion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) correlated with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in a large academic health center, and identified variables related to HCC in patients with AIH. Investigators reviewed medical records of all patients with HCC over a 14.5-year period. Cases are cohort identified AIH patients and controls are HCC-free AIH patients. For each eligible case, three controls were randomly chosen from the Genetic Repository of Autoimmune Liver Disease and Coexisting Exposures database. In the Midwestern USA, AIH is a rare cause (1.6%) for HCC, with a decreasing trend over 14.5 years. At the time of HCC diagnosis, 10% of AIH-HCC patients had no cirrhosis. Risk factors for HCC were prolonged AIH duration and older age.