Nerfeldt P, et al. - In this retrospective cohort study, researchers determined the obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) prevalence among children with Down syndrome (DS) who had undergone polysomnography (PSG) and assessed and contrasted the efficiency and results of adenotonsillectomy (ATE) and adenopharyngoplasty (APP) treatments. Participants in the study were children < 18 years old (n = 138) with DS who had PSG at Karolinska University Hospital. Data reported that the prevalence of OSA was 82.6%, and 39.9% had severe OSA, with a median (range) apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 7.6. OSA prevalence was over 80% in this population of children with DS, wherefore continued screening and treatment are strongly supported. There was an indication of uncertain surgical effectiveness, and there was no significant difference in results for ATE and APP. When evaluating the findings, consideration should be given to the low and nonsystematic frequency of postoperative PSG and the groups being unequal and limited.