Wang Y, Liu H, Fu Y, et al. - Following a negative selection step with serum from healthy controls (HCs), a phage library of 12 peptides was utilized for three rounds of screening with sera from 30 SLE individuals in order to distinguish biomarkers involving citrullinated peptides that could be utilized for SLE diagnosis. Microarray analysis showed that in SLE people vs HCs and RA persons, the positive rates of 13S1212Cit3-IgM, 13S1210-IgG, and 13S1212Cit3-IgG were raised. For SLE diagnosis, the combination of 13S1212Cit3-IgM and 13S1210-IgG (termed COPSLE, for a combination of peptides for SLE) was more effective. The Spearman rank correlation designated that COPSLE enhanced with albumin, serum level of C3 and platelet distribution width, however, it had negative relationships with reduced C3 and discoid lupus. In summary, a citrullinated/non-citrullinated peptide panel is a valuable diagnostic marker of SLE, even for people who are negative for anti-Smith, anti-ds-DNA, and anticardiolipin.