Frat JP, et al. - In the FLORALI-2 multicenter, open-label trial, authors included 322 candidates to study the efficacy of preoxygenation with non-invasive ventilation vs high-flow oxygen in lowering the risk of severe hypoxemia during intubation. They observed severe hypoxemia in 23% of patients following preoxygenation with non-invasive ventilation vs 27% with high-flow oxygen. They recorded comparable serious adverse events between treatment groups. The most common immediate complications were systolic arterial hypotension (49% cases in the non-invasive ventilation group vs 50% subjects in the high-flow oxygen group) and chest infiltrates on x-ray (20% vs 19%). The most common late complications were death at day 28 (37% vs 34%) and ventilator-associated pneumonia during ICU stay in both the groups (22% vs 20%). The risk of severe hypoxemia in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure was not impacted by preoxygenation with non-invasive ventilation vs high-flow oxygen therapy.