Giuliano AR, et al. - Researchers examined the effectiveness of a nine-valent human papillomavirus (9vHPV) vaccine against the disease and surgeries associated with all nine vaccine components vs a historic placebo population. There were 7,106 and 7,109 women who received 9vHPV or qHPV vaccine, respectively in the 9vHPV vaccine study, while 8,810 and 8,812 women received qHPV vaccine or placebo, respectively, in the historic qHPV vaccine studies. Women negative for 14 types of HPV prior to vaccination had lower incidence of high-grade cervical disease and cervical surgery associated with the nine HPV types (98.2%). Disease related to vaccine HPV types found at baseline were not prevented by the 9vHPV vaccine, but there appeared a significant reduction in cervical, vulvar, and vaginal diseases linked to other vaccine HPV types. Findings thus suggest that the burden of HPV-related diseases and related medical procedures could be substantially reduced with the effective implementation of the 9vHPV vaccine.