Wu X, Huang W, Geng T, et al. - Because there is low incidence of synchronous multiple primary malignancies and it is rare that different lung tumor types exist in one patient, researchers here presented a case of a 60-year-old man who was suffering from synchronous lung squamous cell cancer and small cell lung cancer. The proper treatment needs to be determined due to the presence of two different tumor types, so, using next-generation sequencing (NGS), the genetic characteristics of primary tumor tissues from the lungs were examined in order to find treatment targets. The goal was to study the origin as well as the evolution of multiple primary lung cancers. The genetic mutation sites of patients can be detected via NGS, to guide treatment as well as to encourage the advancement of precision medicine. By response evaluation criteria in solid tumors, the impacts of standard treatments were assessed. According to the findings, early management of synchronous multiple primary malignancies can present a favorable outcome.