Gugger JJ, et al. - In this retrospective, single institution cohort study (2010-2018), researchers characterized the clinical, laboratory, neuroimaging, electroencephalographic features, etiology, treatment, as well as short-term and long-term results of adults with new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE). Of 20 NORSE individuals, nine had prodromal febrile illness, 12 had evidence of CSF profile inflammation. Six individuals met definite autoimmune encephalitis (AE) requirements, while eight patients were likely to have AE. A common finding on FDG-PET in NORSE is regional hypermetabolism. New-onset refractory status epilepticus is a syndrome that involves multiple complications, high mortality, and eventual intractable epilepsy. There are multiple causes, some of which are autoimmune encephalitides, but in this series, after extensive evaluation, most patients had no clear etiology identified. In order to determine optimal evaluation and treatment, prospective studies are required.