Eilenberg W, et al. – This study investigated the role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) systemically and in plaques of diabetics undergoing carotid endarterectomy. Also, the potential anti–inflammatory impact of metformin on NGAL was addressed in diabetics. In patients with carotid artery stenosis (CAS), a link was apparent, between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and higher NGAL levels in serum and plaques. In diabetics, a marked attenuation in the inflammatory burden including NGAL was obvious subsequent to metformin treatment. Early treatment of these patients may be recommended, as elevated NGAL levels were linked with vulnerable plaques prone for embolization.