Karuna S, Li SS, Grant S, et al. - Researchers aimed at defining the immune responses to natural SARS-CoV-2 infection and investigating demographic and clinical characteristics linked with patterns of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses over time.

• A cohort of individuals in the United States and Peru recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection was enrolled, completed questionnaires, and provided blood and nasal samples. The demographics, medical history, and SARS-CoV-2–related history were recorded and levels of nAbs to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were estimated.

• Individuals recovering from severe COVID-19, > 55 years old, with diabetes, and assigned male gender at birth had higher nAb levels while lower levels were observed in people with hypertension.

• Overall findings suggest variability in nAb responses over time by demographic (eg, age and gender assigned at birth) and clinical (eg, diabetes and hypertension) factors; consideration should be given to these factors in future SARS-CoV-2 immunologic analyses.