Bouzar M, et al. – Here, the authors report the frequency of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG–IgG) and antibodies to aquaporin–4 (AQP4–IgG) among patients with optic neuritis (ON) and/or myelitis in Algeria as well as the clinical and paraclinical features associated with these antibodies. They conclude that MOG–IgG and AQP4–IgG are found in a substantial subset of Algerian patients with ON and/or myelitis. These are present predominantly in women and may be correlated with differences in clinical presentation and, possibly, outcome. For neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), only a subset of MOG–IgG positive patients meets the current diagnostic criteria.