Lande MB, et al. - The change in neurocognitive test performance was investigated in children with primary hypertension after initiation of antihypertensive therapy. No improvement was observed among children with hypertension in neurocognitive test performance after 1 year of antihypertensive therapy, beyond that also seen in normotensive controls, suggesting improvements with age or practice effects because of repeated neurocognitive testing. However, the degree to which antihypertensive therapy improves blood pressure could affect its impact upon neurocognitive function.