Zash R, et al. - Birth outcomes were surveilled at hospitals throughout Botswana in order to determine the impact of dolutegravir exposure from the time of conception on prevalence of neural-tube defects. Out of 119,477 deliveries, 119,033 had an infant surface examination that could be assessed; 98 neural-tube defects were recognized. Five neural-tube defects (2 myelomeningoceles, 1 anencephaly, 1 encephalocele, and 1 iniencephaly) were ascertained out of 1,683 deliveries in which the mother took dolutegravir at conception. Among 14,792 deliveries in which the mother was taking any non-dolutegravir ART at conception, 15 neural-tube defects were discovered, 3 among 7,959 in which the mother was taking efavirenz at conception, 1 among 3,840 in which the mother started dolutegravir treatment during pregnancy, and 70 among 89,372 not infected with HIV. In comparison with non-dolutegravir ART at conception or with other types of ART exposure, the prevalence of neural-tube defects was greater in relation to dolutegravir treatment at conception. Among women exposed to dolutegravir at conception and among women exposed to non-dolutegravir ART at conception, the major external structural anomaly was discovered in 0.95% and 0.68% of deliveries, respectively. Hence, in correlation with dolutegravir exposure at conception, the prevalence of neural-tube defects was slightly higher vs other types of ART exposure at conception.