Perri A, Tana M, Riccardi R, et al. - In this prospective observational study in the tertiary neonatal ICU of 46 preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of 32 weeks median gestational age (IQR 30-33) and mean birth weight of 1650 ± 715 g, experts evaluated alterations in neonatal lung ultrasonography score (nLUS) following surfactant administration in preterm infants with RDS. It was discovered that in preterm infants with RDS needing surfactant treatment, nLUS assessed 2 hours following surfactant administration could be utilized to distinguish individuals who would not require a second treatment.