Borges RC, et al. - Since the link between systemic inflammation and muscle changes recognized by ultrasonography among septic patients in clinical investigations is unknown, and there is a need to inquire about the role of vitamin D on muscle alterations in these patients, therefore, researchers undertook this study with 45 patients who got admitted to the ICU because of severe sepsis or septic shock. They noted a decline in day 2 values to hospital discharge on tumor necrosis factor–α, (interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6 and IL-10. From day 6 of the ICU, a significant reduction was seen in muscle mass. Patients exhibited a significant increment in muscle strength after awakening. A positive link between muscle mass variation (day 2 - ICU) with absolute values of IL-8 was also identified. A negative link between handgrip strength and IL-8 on ICU discharge was noted for muscle strength. Overall, a link between inflammation and alterations in muscle mass and strength during ICU stay was revealed among septic patients, which is similar to observations in experimental studies. Vitamin D was shown to be related to the recovery of muscle strength during hospitalization.