Russo M, et al. - An appraisal was carried out of the multifidus muscle (MF) involvement in chronic low back pain (CLBP), mechanisms of action of disruption of control of the MF, and options for restoring control of the MF as a treatment for non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP). The inference drawn was that targeting MF control with restorative neurostimulation held promise as a new therapeutic option.