De A, Kumari S, Singh A, et al. - Researchers conducted an adequately powered study to determine if multiple cycles of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) increase patient survival 1 year after therapy commencement. They performed an open-label trial of 100 patients with decompensated cirrhosis without acute-on-chronic liver failure at a tertiary centre from July 2016 through June 2018. Study participants were randomly assigned to a group given 5 days of G-CSF every 3 months, with standard medical therapy, in 4 cycles (group A, n = 50) or standard medical therapy alone (group B, n = 50). Compared with group B patients, group A patients had significant decreases in Child Turcotte Pugh and model for end-stage liver disease scores, increased ascites control, fewer infections and hospitalizations, lower liver stiffness measurements, increased quality of life, and a lower number met the criteria for liver transplantation. Multiple cycle administration of G-CSF increases numbers of hematopoietic stem cells and the survival of patients receiving standard medical treatment with decompensated cirrhosis. Adding G-CSF to medical treatment may give these patients a bridge to liver transplantation. It was concluded that G-CSF was safe and tolerated well.