Wang X, et al. - Researchers investigated the possibility of a link between the presence of autoantibodies against β₁, β₂, α₁ adrenoreceptors, M₂-muscarinic receptors, angiotensin II type1 receptors and hypertensive heart disease (HHD). Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, these 5 autoantibodies were measured in 44 patients diagnosed with HHD, 36 patients with hypertension, and 40 controls. Patients with HHD vs those with hypertension and normal controls demonstrated significantly higher frequencies of autoantibodies against β₁, β₂, α₁ adrenoreceptors, autoantibodies against M₂-muscarinic receptors and autoantibodies against angiotensin II type1 receptors. Larger left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and worse left ventricular ejection fraction were detected among those who were positive for all 5 autoantibodies vs patients not positive for all the 5 autoantibodies and patients negative for all the 5 autoantibodies. The possible involvement of multiple autoantibodies of cardiovascular receptors in the pathogenesis of HHD was suggested. Also, these autoantibodies could be predictive factors of HHD.