Wesson P, Lippman SA, Neilands TB, et al. - Since adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) are experiencing a disproportionately high burden of HIV acquisition in South Africa, researchers ascertained if beliefs about gender equity influence subsequent HIV acquisition among AGYW in South Africa using data from the HIV Prevention Trials Network 068, a longitudinal conditional cash transfer study of AGYW in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. A total of 2,533 AGYW have been monitored for up to 5 years. Multiple risk factors for HIV were correlated with low individual and community Gender Equitable Men's Scale scores but not directly with HIV or HSV-2 incidence. Gender equity endorsement at school level can protect against HIV and HSV-2 incidence in AGYW. Interventions that enhance gender equity at the individual and social environment level, especially among school peers, have the potential for protective impacts on AGYW's health.