Noble F, et al. - Authors carried out this multicentre cohort study to describe a robust pathological indicator of clinically meaningful response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. In this study, a clinically meaningful local response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was observed only in a small minority of patients (14·8 per cent) with Tumour Regression Grade (TRG) 1–2. Among local non-responders, a subset of patients (21·3 per cent) derived benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy by lymph node downstaging and their survival was similar to that of local responders.