Huerga H, et al. - In a context with access to Xpert, researchers investigated the mortality in the 6 months after the initial tuberculosis (TB) consultation among HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients who received empirical TB treatment or TB treatment based on bacteriological confirmation via performing this prospective cohort study of adult patients with signs and symptoms of TB attending an outpatient TB clinic in Western Kenya. Also, they compared the mortality rate with the mortality among those who did not receive TB treatment. Outcomes suggest that HIV-positive patients with signs and symptoms of TB and negative Xpert results should continue receiving empirical TB treatment. However, they recommend actively seeking for differential diagnoses other than TB before initiating empirical TB treatment, particularly in HIV-negative patients.