Prost A, Nair N, Copas A, et al. - Via a cohort study using data collected during a recently completed cluster-randomized controlled trial in 120 geographical clusters with a total population of 121,531 in rural Jharkhand and Odisha, eastern India, experts determined mortality and recovery after moderate and severe acute malnutrition in children aged 6–18 months. The incidence and prevalence of Moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and severe acute malnutrition (SAM), mortality, and recovery among 2,869 children followed up from 6 to 18 months of age was ascertained. It was also identified that over 40% of children with MAM and SAM persisted to be acutely malnourished for over 3 months. In rural eastern India, among children older than 6 months, the incidence of acute malnutrition was high, although case fatality after SAM was 1.2%, which was much lesser than the 10%–20% estimated by WHO. In three other Indian studies, case fatality rates below 6% have now been documented. In children aged over 6 months, since mortality in this group is lower than expected, community treatment using ready-to-use therapeutic food may not prevent a large number of SAM-related deaths. These findings reinforce the fact that, in the first 1,000 days of life, prioritizing prevention through known health, nutrition, and multisectoral interventions is needed while ensuring access to treatment while inhibiting fails.