Santarnecchi E, et al. - In the present study, researchers documented the possibility to manipulate the interplay between two brain networks in a controlled manner, by means of a Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) protocol inducing spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP). The data presented in this work showed a baseline-dependent effect, with a greater connectivity modulation noted in study participants with weaker between-networks connectivity strength right before TMS. They also observed modulation of task-evoked fMRI activity patterns during a sustained attention task after stimulation, with a faster or slower switch between rest and task blocks according to the timing of TMS pulses. This investigation promoted paired associative TMS as a promising technique for controlled manipulation of fMRI connectivity dynamics in humans, and additionally the causal investigation of brain-behavior relations.