Shallcross L, et al. - A cohort study from a UK teaching hospital was undertaken to assess the role of microbiological culture and urinalysis in the diagnosis of pyelonephritis. Researchers recognized that majority of the study patients were treated empirically with intravenous antibiotics, yet almost half of them had no microbiological evidence of infection. For the majority of these patients, microbiological investigations undertaken highlighted the discrepancy between clinical and microbiological diagnosis in patients with suspected pyelonephritis.