Adam MK, et al. – Analysts ascertain minimal endoillumination levels required to perform 3–dimensional heads–up vitreoretinal surgery and aim to correlate endoillumination levels utilized for measurements of heads–up display (HUD) luminous emittance. With real–time digital processing and automated brightness control, 3–dimensional HUD platforms may allow for reduced intraoperative endoillumination levels and a theoretically decreased the risk of retinal phototoxicity amid vitreoretinal surgery.