Grieshober L, et al. - In this nested case-control study in the β-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET), researchers evaluated the link between pre-diagnosis methylation-derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (mdNLR) and risk of lung cancer in patients at high risk for lung cancer because of heavy smoking or considerable occupational asbestos exposure, matched to controls based on age at blood draw, smoking, sex, race, asbestos, enrollment year, and time at risk. In conditional logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders, a 21% increased risk of lung cancer was observed per unit increase in mdNLR. In addition, those with asbestos exposure had most pronounced mdNLR-non-small cell lung cancer association. Improved prevention and detection of lung cancer can be ensured by gaining a better understanding of the role of mdNLR in lung cancer etiology.