Yu B, et al. - Researchers examined 109 persons living with HIV (PLHIV) and 92 HIV-uninfected adults (HIV−) from the Multi-dimensional Successful Aging cohort study at the University of California San Diego to determine if metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with neurocognition among PLHIV. Among PLHIV, observations revealed a significant independent effect of MetS on global neurocognitive deficits, but not in their HIV− counterparts. MetS components that were most strongly linked with higher global neurocognitive deficits in PLHIV were diabetes and elevated triglycerides. Learning, fine motor skills, and executive function were the neurocognitive domains MetS was most strongly associated with in PLHIV. Lessening the development of MetS and neurocognitive impairment among PLHIV could be achieved with early identification of PLHIV at risk for MetS and implementing preventive and treatment strategies.