Piubello A, Souleymane MB, Hassane-Harouna S, et al. - Given that the Shorter Treatment Regimen (STR) for rifampicin resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) has been implemented nationwide in Niger since 2008, so, a retrospective observational analysis was performed by the National Tuberculosis Programme and the Damien Foundation in order to assess the management of RR-TB from 2008 to 2016. Evaluation of baseline resistance to drugs was done phenotypically, complemented by screening the inhA, katG and pncA genes. For one year following the cure, cured patients were observed. There were 249 patients on standardised STR, of those, 207 (83·1%) were cured relapse-free, and failure and death happened in 8 (3·2%) and in 23 (9·2%), respectively, and seven (2·8%) were lost to follow-up, relapse occurred in 4 (1·6%). Patients who showed initial resistance to fluoroquinolones and were very severely underweight had a higher risk of an unfavourable outcome. Eight patients (3·2%) suffered serious ototoxicity. Overall, findings showed the feasibility as well as the success of a comprehensive nationwide approach to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis management using the STR. There was no influence of initial resistance to companion drugs on the outcomes. The STR was proved effective and safe.