Jesson J, et al. - Researchers explored malnutrition, growth evolution and metabolic changes among children initiated early on lopinavir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Africa. Study participants were HIV-1-infected children, age <2 years were started on ART, as part of the MONOD ANRS 12206 project, conducted in Burkina Faso and Côte d’Ivoire. It was observed that before ART initiation, the prevalence of malnutrition was high. Data reported that growth improved on ART, mainly within the first 6 months for weight, and was greater for the most severely malnourished children at baseline, but 8%–32% remained malnourished after two years. A significant increase in hypercholesterolemia and reduction of anemia and hypoalbuminemia over the two year period of ART was found.