Cho MC, Yoo S, Choo MS, et al. - Lower lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), compared with eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (ELR), was identified as an independent predictor of clinically significant prostate cancers (CSPCs) at initial 12-core transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (12-core-TRUS-Bx).

• Many earlier studies demonstrated conflicting results for the predictive role of systemic inflammation markers in the detection of CSPCs.

• From 1740 men who had initial standard 12-core TRUS-Bx, clinical and pathological data were used.

• Using the prebiopsy complete blood count, LMR and ELR were calculated.

• Higher serum prostate-specific antigen level, lower serum testosterone level, and lower LMR were detected in patients with CSPCs vs those with benign lesions or clinically insignificant prostate cancers (CIPCs).

• ELR did not differ among the three (benign lesions, CIPCs and CSPCs).

• LMR’s predictive role seemed to be significant for males with larger prostate volume (≥39.3 ml) instead of those with smaller prostate volume (<39.3 ml).