Soeno T, et al. - Researchers performed a retrospective analysis of 165 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients who had surgery with curative intent between 2009 and 2016 (99 [60%] with middle thoracic [Mt] ESCC) to show the optimized lymph node dissection range in MtESCC requiring surgery. More than 80% of cStage II/III MtESCC patients received preoperative chemotherapy. The highest rate of metastasis was observed in no. 2R, with frequencies of 13/38/46% in cStage I/II/III, respectively, with the highest EI in MtESCC. About 2–10% showed recurrences in the regional (nos. 1, 2L, 4R, and 10) and extraregional lymph nodes (paraaortic lymph node). Findings stress meticulous lymph node dissection of no. 2R is the most vital for long-term survival. They suggest it as mandatory with the highest priority in MtESCC.