Becker N, et al. - Considering the US National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST) inscribing a 20% reduction of lung cancer mortality after regular screening by low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), as compared to X-ray screening, researchers conducted the German Lung cancer Screening Intervention, a randomized trial including 4,052 long-term smokers, 50-69 years of age from the general population. Comparison of 5 annual rounds of LDCT screening (screening arm; n=2,029 participants) with a control arm (n=2,023) followed by annual postal questionnaire inquiries was done. Outcomes revealed the hazard ratio for lung cancer mortality of 0.74 among men and women combined over an average observation time of 8.8 years after randomization. However, modeling by sex indicated that women, but not men screened by LDCT had a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality. These findings thereby support the findings from other trials, including NLST, implying a greater decrease of lung cancer mortality after LDCT screening among women vs men.