Choi WI, et al. - Using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Research Database, researchers focused on incidence of primary lung cancer and all-cause mortality between patients with connective tissue disease associated with interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) and those having interstitial lung disease (ILD) alone. Participants were 12,787 cases of ILD without idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and 2491 cases of CTD-ILD. In the CTD-ILD and ILD-only, the estimated overall incidence of lung cancer was 165.7 and 161.8 per 10,000 person-years, respectively. In the CTD-ILD group, women in the 50–59, 60–69 and 70–79 age groups had all-cause mortality of 2.0, 1.8, and 1.4 times higher than in the ILD-only group, respectively. A higher lung cancer incidence was found in CTD-ILD patients aged < 60 years as compared with ILD-only patients in the same age group. Furthermore, higher all-cause mortality was seen in CTD-ILD patients aged 50–79 years as compared with ILD-only patients in the same age group.