Merchante N, et al. - Researchers investigated the performance of ultrasound surveillance for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the GEHEP-002 cohort recruiting HCC cases diagnosed in HIV-infected patients from 32 centers across Spain. An ultrasound surveillance program led to the diagnosis of a total of 186 (54%) out of 346 HCC cases in HIV-infected patients. This suggests a very poor performance of ultrasound surveillance of HCC in HIV-infected patients and the performance was worse than that shown outside HIV infection. For HIV-infected patients with cirrhosis, an HCC surveillance policy based on ultrasound examinations every 6 months thus appeared insufficient.