Levine IL, et al. - Experts aspired to assess the prevalence of polyps and cancer in colonic regions containing diverticula. Polyps were significantly less likely in the colonic segment affected by diverticulosis despite the similar overall frequency of polyps in patients with and without diverticulosis. Moreover, in areas of cancer in the rectosigmoid and ascending colon, the frequency of diverticulosis was significantly lower than expected compared with the expected frequency of diverticulosis for those colonic regions. These observations implied a true negative relationship between colonic neoplasia and diverticulosis.