Prendki V, et al. - Whether a low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) modified the probability of diagnosing pneumonia in elderly patients, was determined. Using a Likert scale, the probability of pneumonia before and after the LDCT was assessed among prospectively included patients, aged over 65-years, with a suspicion of pneumonia treated with antimicrobial therapy. An adjudication committee retrospectively rated the probability of pneumonia and was considered as reference for diagnosis. In a substantial proportion of patients, the estimated probability of pneumonia was found to be modified by LDCT. Mostly, it offered aid in excluding a diagnosis of pneumonia and hence in reducing unnecessary antimicrobial therapy.