Matthews LG, et al. - In this prospective cohort study, the researchers compared cerebellar volume and growth from term-equivalent age (TEA) to 7 years between very preterm (VPT) (< 30 weeks’ gestation or < 1250 g) and full-term children, and evaluated the relationship between these measures, perinatal factors, and 7-year outcomes in VPT children, as well as whether these associations varied by sex. For the purpose of this investigation, 224 VPT and 46 full-term infants had their cerebellar volumes measured on MRI at TEA and 7 years. Findings revealed that smaller TEA and 7-year volumes, and reduced growth were correlated with poorer 7-year IQ, language, and motor function, with differential relationships, noted for male and female children. It was observed that cerebellar growth from TEA to 7 years was impaired in VPT children, and links to early perinatal factors and 7-year outcomes.