Aschauer J, Pollreisz A, Karst S, et al. - In this longitudinal study, researchers sought to prospectively monitor subclinical changes in capillary perfusion and retinal layer thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes and early diabetic retinal disease over 2 years. They conducted biannual retinal vascular imaging utilzing optical coherence tomography angiography to analyse the foveal avascular zone area, perimeter, acircularity index and parafoveal superficial/deep vessel density. Of the 117 eyes (58 left) of 59 patients (21 female), 105 had no diabetic retinopathy (DR), 6 had mild and 6 had moderate baseline non-proliferative DR. There are parallel subclinical signs of microangiopathy and neurodegeneration, which are extremely progressive even in the early stages of diabetic retinal disease.