Pelland-Marcotte MC, Pole JD, Hwee J, et al. - Pediatric leukemia survivors were compared with the general population regarding the relative rate (RR) of infections after treatment completion. For this retrospective, population-based cohort study, children diagnosed with leukemia between 1992 and 2015 in Ontario, Canada, who were alive and relapse free 30 days after treatment completion (index date), were matched 5:1 with the general population by year of birth, sex, and rural status. Researchers matched a total of 2,204 leukemia survivors with 11,020 controls. The rate of infections was elevated after treatment completion compared with controls. Findings revealed an increased risk of infections in a significant correlation with a history of leukemia therapy. The rate remained elevated more than 5 years from the index date among those whose initial treatment excluded hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). Leukemia survivors, the entire cohort as well as those without HSCT, had significantly increased infection-related death.