Koh K, Jun I, Kim TI, et al. - In the present study, the researchers tested the safety and effectiveness of long-term treatment using topical 0.02% tacrolimus ointment in pediatric patients with ocular surface inflammation refractory to conventional therapy. Between January of 2010 and March of 2018, records of pediatric patients who were prescribed topical 0.02% tacrolimus ointment for refractory ocular surface inflammation have been retrospectively reviewed. Among 72 patients (55% males, mean age 10.8 ± 3.9 years, range 3 to 17 years), 25 patients (48% males, mean age 11.4 ± 3.9 years) fully recovered, resulting in the ointment treatment being discontinued before 12 months. All patients showed improved clinical signs and symptoms during the follow-up period. There were no adverse effects observed. In pediatric patients with refractory ocular surface inflammation, long-term use of topical tacrolimus 0.02% ointment is safe and beneficial.