Kamei K, et al. - This study assessed long-term outcomes and safety of rituximab in patients with childhood-onset complicated frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (FRNS) or steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS) who were treated with rituximab in investigator-initiated multicenter prospective trials. In most patients, relapses after B-cell recovery necessitated long-term treatment with immunosuppressive agents or additional rituximab therapy. Also, long-term remission after rituximab treatment without immunosuppressive agents was possibly achieved in some patients who could discontinue immunosuppressive agents before rituximab treatment.